Sains Malaysiana 53(7)(2024): 1645-1660

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-13

Treatment of the Textile Wastewater using Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum Mycelial Pellets

(Rawatan Air Sisa Tekstil menggunakan Pelet Miselium Ganoderma lucidum Malaysia)

ZARIMAH MOHD HANAFIAH¹, AMMAR RADZI AZMI¹, ZUL ILHAM², WAN HANNA MELINI WAN MOHTAR³, SARINA ABDUL HALIM-LIM⁴, AYU LANA NAFISYAH⁵, PAU-LOKE SHOW⁶ & WAN ABD AL QADR IMAD WAN-MOHTAR^1,5,*

¹Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of   Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

³Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

⁴Operational and Quality Management Unit, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

⁵Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, UNAIR Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java 60115, Indonesia

⁶Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P O Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Received: 29 February 2024/Accepted: 10 June 2024

Abstract

Purification of textile wastewater using biomass and in particular different fungi is gaining exponential interest to minimize the impacts of current physical-chemical and biological wastewater treatment by-products. This study investigates the potential of Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum mycelium pellets (GLMP) for the decontamination of wastewater samples received from a commercial textile manufacturer. All studies were performed under ambient temperature (26-35 ℃) and unsterilized conditions using a simple bioreactor design (stirred batch bioreactor) for a more practical assimilation of the current available wastewater treatment process system. The optimal conditions of adsorption by GLMP were determined by variation effects of adsorbent concentration (0, 8.75, 12.5 and 25 g/L), pH (unadjusted 7.10 – 8.22, 4 and 6), and wastewater dilution factor (1:0, 1:4, and 2:3, v/v). This method was proved to be effective in both decolorization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction, simultaneously. The most significant percentage of decolorization observed was 77.24% in a 72 h treatment, whereas COD reductions were 78.32% in a 36 h treatment. The present study fits both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms as the values of R² both model were close to 1, indicating the favorable adsorption of dyes towards Malaysian GLMP.

Keywords: Bio-adsorption; COD; decontamination; dyes; Ganoderma lucidum; textile wastewater

Abstrak

Pembersihan air sisa tekstil menggunakan biojisim dan khususnya kulat yang berbeza semakin mendapat minat untuk meminimumkan impak produk sampingan yang terhasil daripada rawatan air sisa semasa secara fizikal-kimia dan biologi. Penyelidikan ini mengkaji potensi pelet miselium Ganoderma lucidum dari Malaysia (GLMP) untuk mengenyah lumuskan sampel air sisa yang diterima daripada pengeluar tekstil komersial. Semua kajian dilakukan di bawah suhu ambien (26-35 ℃) dan keadaan tidak disterilkan menggunakan reka bentuk bioreaktor ringkas (bioreaktor kelompok berpengaduk) untuk simulasi yang lebih praktikal bagi sistem proses rawatan air sisa yang sedia ada. Keadaan optimum penjerapan oleh GLMP ditentukan oleh kesan variasi kepekatan penjerap (0, 8.75, 12.5 dan 25 g/L), pH (tidak diselaras 7.10 - 8.22, 4 dan 6), dan faktor pencairan air sisa (1:0, 1:4, dan 2:3, v/v). Kaedah ini terbukti berkesan dalam kedua-dua penyahwarnaan dan pengurangan permintaan oksigen kimia (COD), secara serentak. Peratusan penyahwarnaan yang paling ketara diperhatikan ialah 77.24% dalam rawatan 72 jam, manakala pengurangan COD adalah 78.32% dalam rawatan 36 jam. Kajian ini sesuai dengan kedua-dua model isoterma penjerapan Langmuir dan Freundlich kerana nilai R² kedua-duanya adalah hampir 1, menunjukkan penjerapan yang terbaik bagi pewarna terhadap GLMP Malaysia.

Kata kunci: Air sisa tekstil; bio-penjerapan; COD; mengenyah lumuskan; Ganoderma lucidum; pewarna

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*Corresponding author; email: qadyr@um.edu.my